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When visitors walked into one of the Oakland high-school classrooms where Jeff Duncan-Andrade, Ph.D., taught for nearly two decades, they'd often look around and wonder aloud, "Where's the teacher?"
"There was a lot of action and movement," remembers Dr. Duncan-Andrade, now an associate professor of Latina/Latino Studies in the College of Ethnic Studies at
San Francisco State University. "Kids were in groups working on project-based stuff, debating and interacting. And I was right there with them. It was an environment that was really alive."
This is the kind of education, he says, "by which you teach kids that they can transform things. They not only learn to think for themselves, they learn they can define new limits for themselves."
While that's a typical experience for schoolchildren in wealthy neighborhoods, Duncan-Andrade says, it's far from the case in classrooms filled with "dark-skinned bodies, immigrants and children living in poverty."
There, he says, the emphasis is too often on "order, control, compliance and accepting your station in life. What's pounded into these kids is that to do well in school you don't challenge, you don't question, you don't get too excited and demonstrate your passion for learning by jumping out of your seat.
"If you’re a good student, you contain yourself."
"I think it's reasonable that we could expect a life saturated with choice and opportunity for all children." — Dr. Jeff Duncan-Andrade