| Financial challenges exacerbated by state budget cuts and unfunded mandates
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| Inability to rely on principal revenue sources (General Fund and tuition)
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Workforce challenges such as recruitment and retention |
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University-driven culture that prevents achieving economies of scale | 
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Disparate technologies and customized software instances | 
| Lack of embrace of systemwide approach for common efforts |
| CHRS and CSUBuy: provides technological footing for workflow collaboration | 
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Workforce benefits (e.g., career mobility, retention) offered by collaborative models
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| Recognition of focus on collaboration as enabler of CSU's sustainable future |